Antarctic Meteorite Petrographic Description

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Sample Petrographic Description

Sample Number

WIS 91600

Newsletter

16,1

Location

Wisconsin Range

Field Number

7591

Dimensions (cm)

6.5 x 6.0 x 5.0

Weight (g)

184.10

Original Classification

C2 Chondrite

Updated Classification

CM Chondrite (Anomalous)

Pairing

WIS 91600; WIS 91608

Mineral Composition (%Fa & %Fs)

Fayalite (mol%): 1-39;Ferrosilite (mol%): 1-15

Weathering

A/Be

Fracturing

Macroscopic Description - Carol Schwarz

Seventy-five percent of these carbonaceous chondrite fragments are covered with black, fractured, and rusty fusion crust. The fusion crust is frothy on 91608. The interior is black with numerous small dark gray chonrules/clasts. A minor amount of evaporite deposit is present on the exterior and interior surfaces of 91600.

Thin Section Description (,2) - Brian Mason

These sections are so similar that a single description suffices; the meteorites are probably paired. They show chondrules, up to 1.2 mm in diameter, irregular aggregates, and mineral grains, in a black carbonaceous matrix. The minerals are mainly olivine, with minor pyroxene. Olivine compositions are mostly near Mg₂SiO₄, but occasional iron-rich grains were analyzed, up to Fa₄₄. Pyroxene compositions range from Fs, to Fs₁₅. The meteorites are C2 chondrites.

Reclassification Notes (AMN 41,1)

(Choe et al., 2010)

Antarctic Meteorite Images for Sample WIS 91600

Lab Photo(s) :

Lab Photo of Sample WIS 91600 (Photo Number s92-49161)

Lab Photo of Sample WIS 91600 (Photo Number s92-49162)

Antarctic Meteorite Images for Sample WIS 91600

Thin Section Photo(s) :

Thin Section Photo of Sample WIS 91600 in Cross-Polarized Light with Magnification

Thin Section Photo of Sample WIS 91600 in Plane-Polarized Light with Magnification

Thin Section Photo of Sample WIS 91600 in Reflected Light with Magnification

References for Sample WIS91600

Bates, H.C., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., King, A.J., Bowles, N.E., and Russell, S.S., 2021, A spectral investigation of aqueously and thermally altered CM, CM-AN, and CY chondrites under simulated asteroid conditions for comparison with OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2 observations. , Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126 , e2021JE006827 , https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006827 .

Hiroi, T., Ohtsuka, K., Howard, K.T., Robertson, K.R., and Milliken, R.E., Kaiden, H., Imae, N., Misawa, K., Kojima, H., Sasakia, S., Matsuokaa, M., Nakamura, T., Bish, D.L., 2021, UV-visible-infrared spectral survey of Antarctic carbonaceous chondrite chips. , Polar Science, 29 , 100723 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100723 .

King, A.J., Schofield, P.F., Russell, S.S., 2021, Thermal alteration of CM carbonaceous chondrites: Mineralogical changes and metamorphic temperatures. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 298 , 167–190 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.02.011 .

Lentfort, S., Bischoff, A., Ebert, S., and Patzek, M., 2021, Classification of CM chondrite breccias-Implications for the evaluation of samples from the OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa 2 missions. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 56 , 127-147 , doi: 10.1111/maps.13486 .

Matzka, M., Lucio, M., Kanawati, B., Quirico, E., Bonal, L., Loehle, S., and Schmitt-Kopplin, P., 2021, Thermal History of Asteroid Parent Bodies Is Reflected in Their Metalorganic Chemistry. , The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 915 , L7 , https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0727 .

Sridhar, S., Bryson, J. F, King, A. J., & Harrison, R. J., 2021, Constraints on the ice composition of carbonaceous chondrites from their magnetic mineralogy. , Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 576 , 117243 .

Suttle, M.D., Schofield, P.F., Bates, H., Russell, S.S., 2021, The aqueous alteration of CM chondrites, a review. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 299 , 219–256 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.01.014 .

Tatsumi, E., Brunetto, R., and Hiroi, T., Sakatani, N., Riu, L., Matsuoka, M., Honda, R., Morota, T., Kameda, S., Nakamura, T., Zolensky, M., 2021, Spectrally blue hydrated parent body of asteroid (162173) Ryugu. , Nature Communications, 12 , 13-Jan , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26071-8 .

Velbel, M.A., and Zolensky, M.E., 2021, Thermal metamorphism of CM chondrites: A dehydroxylation-based peak temperature thermometer and implications for sample return from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 56 , 546–585 , doi: 10.1111/maps.13636 .

Bryson, F.J., Weiss, B.P., Biersteker, J.B., King, A.J., and Russell, S.S. , 2020, Constraints on the Distances and Timescales of Solid Migration in the Early Solar System from Meteorite Magnetism. , The Astrophysical Journal, 896 , 103-130 .

Hanna, R.D., Hamilton, V.E., Haberle, C.W., King, A.J., Abreu, N.M., and Friedrich, J.M., 2020, Distinguishing relative aqueous and heating among CM chondrites with IR spectroscopy. , Icarus, 346 , 113760 , doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113760 .

Kaplan, H.H., Connolly, H.C., Dotto, E., Emery, J.P., Fornasier, S., Lantz, C., Lim, L.F., Merlin, F., Praet, A., Reuter, D.C., Sanford, S.A., Hamilton, V.E., Simon, A.A., Takir, D., and Lauretta, D.S., Howell, E.S., Anderson, F.S., Barrucci, M.A., Brucato, J., Burbine, T.H., Clark, B.E., Cloutis, E.A., 2020, Visible-near infrared spectral indices for mapping mineralogy and chemistry with OSIRIS-Rex. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 55 , 744-765 , doi: 10.111/maps.13461.

Potin, S., Beck, P., Usui, F., Bonal, L, Vernazza, P., Schmitt, B., 2020, Style and intensity of hydration among C-complex asteroids: A comparison to desiccated carbonaceous chondrites. , Icarus, 348 , 113826 , doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113826.

Garenne, A., Beck, P., Montes-Hernandez, G., Bonal, L., Quirico, E., Proux, O., and Hazemann, J.L., 2019, The iron record of asteroidal processes in carbonaceous chondrites. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 54 , 2652-2665 , doi: 10.1111/maps.13377 .

Simkus, D. N., Aponte, J. C., Elsila, J. E., Parker, E. T., Glavin, D. P., & Dworkin, J. P., 2019, Methodologies for Analyzing Soluble Organic Compounds in Extraterrestrial Samples: Amino Acids, Amines, Monocarboxylic Acids, Aldehydes, and Ketones. , Life, 9 , 47 .

Chan, Q. H., Zolensky, M. E., Bodnar, R. J., Farley, C., & Cheung, J. C. , 2017, Investigation of organo-carbonate associations in carbonaceous chondrites by Raman spectroscopy. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 201 , 392-409 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.048 .

Garenne, A., Beck, P., Montes-Hernandez, G., Brissaud, O., Schmitt, B., Quirico, E., Howard, K. T., 2016, Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy of carbonaceous chondrites: Implications for water quantification and primary composition. , Icarus, 264 , 172-183 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.005 .

Howard, K. T., Alexander, C. M. O'D., Schrader, D. L., Dyl, K. A., 2015, Classification of hydrous meteorites (CR, CM and C2 ungrouped) by phyllosilicate fraction: PSD-XRD modal mineralogy and planetesimal environments. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 149 , 15-Jan-15 , 206-222 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.025 .

Beck, P., Garenne, A., Quirico, E., Bonal, L., Montes-Hernandez, G., Moynier, F., Schmitt, B., 2014, Transmission infrared spectra (2-25 µm) of carbonaceous chondrites (CI, CM, CV-CK, CR, C2 ungrouped): Mineralogy, water, and asteroidal processes. , Icarus, 229 , Feb-14 , 263-277 , ISSN 0019-1035 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.019 .

Garenne, A., Beck, P., Montes-Hernandez, G., Chiriac, R., Toche, F., Quirico, E., Bonal, L., Schmitt, B., 2014, The abundance and stability of "water" in type 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondrites (CI, CM and CR). , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 137 , 15-Jul-14 , 93-112 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.034 .

Smith, K. E., Callahan, M. P., Gerakines, P. A., Dworkin, J. P., House, C. H., 2014, Investigation of pyridine carboxylic acids in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites: Potential precursor molecules for ancient coenzymes. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 136 , 1-Jul-14 , 1-12 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.001 .

Tonui, E., Zolensky, M. E., Hiroi, T., Nakamura, T., Lipschutz, M. E, Wang, M. S., Okudaira, K., 2014, Petrographic, chemical and spectroscopic evidence for thermal metamorphism in carbonaceous chondrites I: CI and CM chondrites. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 126 , 1-Feb-14 , 284-306 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.053 .

Briani, G., Kearsley, A. T., Russell, S. S., Quirico, E., Gounelle, M., Paulhiac-Pison, M., Montagnac, G., Beck, P., Orthous-Daunay, F. R., Bonal, L., Jacquet, E., 2013, Short duration thermal metamorphism in CR chondrites. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 122 , 1-Dec-13 , 267-279 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.08.022 .

Cloutis, E. A., Hudon, P., Hiroi, T., Gaffey, M. J., 2012, Spectral reflectance properties of carbonaceous chondrites 4: Aqueously altered and thermally metamorphosed meteorites. , Icarus, 220 Issue 2 , Aug-12 , 586-617 , ISSN 0019-1035 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.018 .

Beck, P., De Andrade, V., Orthous-Daunay, F. R., Veronesi, G., Cotte, M., Quirico, E., Schmitt, B., 2012, The redox state of iron in the matrix of CI, CM and metamorphosed CM chondrites by XANES spectroscopy. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 99 , 15-Dec-12 , 305-316 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.041 .

Aponte, J. C., Alexandre, M. R., Wang, Y., Brearley, A. J., Alexander, C. M. O'D., Huang, Y., 2011, Effects of secondary alteration on the composition of free and IOM-derived monocarboxylic acids in carbonaceous chondrites. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75 Issue 9 , 1-May-11 , 2309-2323 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.040 .

Yabuta, H., Alexander, C. M. O., Fogel, M. L., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Cody, G. D., 2010, A molecular and isotopic study of the macromolecular organic matter of the ungrouped C2 WIS 91600 and its relationship to Tagish Lake and PCA 91008. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 45 , 1446-1460 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01117.x .

Choe, W. H., Huber, H., Rubin, A. E., Kallemeyn, G. W., Wasson, J. T., 2010, Compositions and taxonomy of 15 unusual carbonaceous chondrites. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 45 , 531-554 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01039.x .

Moriarty, G. M., Rumble III, D., Friedrich, J. M., 2009, Compositions of four unusual CM or CM-related Antarctic chondrites. , Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry, 69 Issue 2 , Jun-09 , 161-168 , ISSN 0009-2819 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2008.12.002 .

Clark, B. E., Ockert-Bell, M. E., Cloutis, E. A., Nesvorny, D., Mothe-Diniz, T., Bus, S. J., 2009, Spectroscopy of K-complex asteroids: Parent bodies of carbonaceous meteorites?. , Icarus, 202 Issue 1 , Jul-09 , 119-133 , ISSN 0019-1035 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.027 .

Rochette, P., Kohout, T., Pesonen, L., Quirico, E., Sagnotti, L., Skripnik, A., Gattacceca, J., Bonal, L., Bourot-Denise, M., Chevrier, V., Clerc, J. P., Consolmagno, G., Folco, L., Gounelle, M., 2008, Magnetic classification of stony meteorites: 2. Non-ordinary chondrites. , Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 43 , 959-980 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb01092.x .

Alexander, C. M. O'D., Fogel, M., Yabuta, H., Cody, G. D., 2007, The origin and evolution of chondrites recorded in the elemental and isotopic compositions of their macromolecular organic matter. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71 Issue 17 , 1-Sep-07 , 4380-4403 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.052 .

Rubin, A. E., Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M., Huber, H., Wasson, J. T., 2007, Progressive aqueous alteration of CM carbonaceous chondrites. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71 Issue 9 , 1-May-07 , 2361-2382 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.008 .

Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M., Rubin, A. E., Wasson, J. T., 2006, Non-nebular origin of dark mantles around chondrules and inclusions in CM chondrites. , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70 Issue 5 , 1-Mar-06 , 1271-1290 , ISSN 0016-7037 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.009 .

Birjukov, V. V., Ulyanov, A. A., 1996, Petrology and classification of new Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites PCA-91082, TIL-91722 and WIS-91600. , Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites, 9 , 8-19 , http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000030046/en/ .

RELAB, , Reflectance Experiment Lab , catalogue of samples, .

Antarctic Meteorite Petrographic Description

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